Piffer begins by defining creativity as the “creation of new and useful products including ideas as well as concrete objects” (Sternberg, 1999). He goes on to divide creativity into two categories; big-c and little-c, where big-c is reserved for well know individuals that have been recognized for their contributions to society and little-c is the label for creative activities that occur daily in our lives. The question of testing creativity is addressed by the authors. There is a misconception that the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking can be interpreted as being the only cognitive test that tests creative thinking. The author tried to clarify what creativity is and criticized how it has been used in various academic papers. Piffer believes that creativity is biographical and cannot be measured with tests.
Piffer, D. (2012). Can creativity be measured? an attempt to clarify the notion of creativity and general directions for future research. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 7(3), 258-264. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2012.04.009